Features for Zorillo

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Phonology

Consonant Inventories WALS Average
Vowel Quality Inventories WALS Large (7-14)

Twelve vowels. a = ɑ, ą =aː, e = ɛ, ę = eː, i = ɨ, į = iː, o = ɔ; ǫ = oː, u = ʊ, ų = uː, y = y, ė = ə

Consonant-Vowel Ratio WALS Moderately low
Voicing in Plosives and Fricatives WALS In fricatives alone

Zorillo has no voiced plosives - by Early Middle Zorillo b moved to /β/, d to /ð/ and g to /ɣ/; by Early Modern Zorillo, /β/ and /w/, /ɣ/ and /ʁ/ respectively had merged, leaving only <d> (/ð/) as a trace of the former system.

Voicing and Gaps in Plosive Systems WALS Missing /g/
Uvular Consonants WALS Uvular continuants only
Lateral Consonants WALS /l/ and lateral obstruent
The Velar Nasal WALS No velar nasal
Vowel Nasalization WALS Contrast present

All twelve vowels can be nasalised - before <m> or <n>.

Front Rounded Vowels WALS High only
Syllable Structure WALS Moderately complex
Tone WALS Simple tone system

Nasalised vowels on which primary or secondary stress falls are pronounced with a rising tone.

Fixed Stress Locations WALS Antepenultimate
Rhythm Types WALS Dual: both trochaic and iambic
Absence of Common Consonants WALS All present
Presence of Uncommon Consonants WALS 'Th' sounds

Morphology

Fusion of Selected Inflectional Formatives WALS Isolating/concatenative
Exponence of Selected Inflectional Formatives WALS No case
Inflectional Synthesis of the Verb WALS 0-1 category per word
Locus of Marking in the Clause WALS No marking
Locus of Marking in Possessive Noun Phrases WALS Other
Locus of Marking: Whole-language Typology WALS Inconsistent or other
Prefixing vs. Suffixing in Inflectional Morphology WALS Weakly prefixing
Reduplication WALS Productive full and partial reduplication
Syncretism in Verbal Person/Number Marking WALS No subject person/number marking

Nominal Categories

Number of Genders WALS Four
Sex-based and Non-sex-based Gender Systems WALS Non-sex-based
Systems of Gender Assignment WALS Semantic and formal
Coding of Nominal Plurality WALS Mixed morphological plural
Occurrence of Nominal Plurality WALS All nouns, always optional
Plurality in Independent Personal Pronouns WALS Number-indifferent pronouns
The Associative Plural WALS Unique affixal associative plural
Definite Articles WALS Definite affix
Indefinite Articles WALS Indefinite affix
Inclusive/Exclusive Distinction in Independent Pronouns WALS 'We' the same as 'I'
Inclusive/Exclusive Distinction in Verbal Inflection WALS No person marking
Distance Contrasts in Demonstratives WALS No distance contrast
Pronominal and Adnominal Demonstratives WALS Different stem
Gender Distinctions in Independent Personal Pronouns WALS No gender distinctions
Politeness Distinctions in Pronouns WALS Pronouns avoided for politeness
Indefinite Pronouns WALS Existential construction
Intensifiers and Reflexive Pronouns WALS Differentiated
Person Marking on Adpositions WALS Pronouns only
Number of Cases WALS Exclusively borderline case-marking
Position of Case Affixes WALS Postpositional clitics
Comitatives and Instrumentals WALS Differentiation
Ordinal Numerals WALS First/one-th, two-th, three-th
Distributive Numerals WALS Marked by following word
Numeral Classifiers WALS Optional
Position of Pronominal Possessive Affixes WALS Possessive suffixes

Nominal Syntax

Obligatory Possessive Inflection WALS Exists
Possessive Classification WALS Three to five classes
Genitives, Adjectives and Relative Clauses WALS Weakly differentiated
Adjectives without Nouns WALS Marked by suffix
Action Nominal Constructions WALS Restricted
Noun Phrase Conjunction WALS 'And' identical to 'with'
Nominal and Verbal Conjunction WALS Differentiation

Verbal Categories

Perfective/Imperfective Aspect WALS No grammatical marking
The Past Tense WALS No past tense
The Future Tense WALS No inflectional future
The Perfect WALS No perfect
Position of Tense-Aspect Affixes WALS No tense-aspect inflection
The Morphological Imperative WALS No second-person imperatives
The Prohibitive WALS Normal imperative + special negative
The Optative WALS Inflectional optative absent
Situational Possibility WALS Other kinds of markers
Epistemic Possibility WALS Other
Overlap between Situational and Epistemic Modal Marking WALS No overlap
Coding of Evidentiality WALS Separate particle

Word Order

Order of Subject, Object and Verb WALS VOS
Order of Subject and Verb WALS VS
Order of Object and Verb WALS OV
Order of Object, Oblique, and Verb WALS XVO
Order of Adposition and Noun Phrase WALS No dominant order
Order of Genitive and Noun WALS No dominant order
Order of Adjective and Noun WALS No dominant order
Order of Demonstrative and Noun WALS Noun-Demonstrative
Order of Numeral and Noun WALS Noun-Numeral
Order of Relative Clause and Noun WALS Mixed
Order of Degree Word and Adjective WALS Adjective-Degree word
Position of Polar Question Particles WALS Final
Position of Interrogative Phrases in Content Questions WALS Mixed
Order of Adverbial Subordinator and Clause WALS Final subordinator word
Relationship between the Order of Object and Verb and the Order of Adposition and Noun Phrase WALS Other
Relationship between the Order of Object and Verb and the Order of Relative Clause and Noun WALS Other
Relationship between the Order of Object and Verb and the Order of Adjective and Noun WALS Other
Order of Negative Morpheme and Verb WALS OptTripleNeg&OptDoubleNeg
Position of Negative Morpheme With Respect to Subject, Object and Verb WALS More than one position

Simple Clauses

Alignment of Case Marking of Full Noun Phrases WALS Neutral
Alignment of Case Marking of Pronouns WALS Tripartite
Alignment of Verbal Person Marking WALS Neutral
Expression of Pronominal Subjects WALS Optional pronouns in subject position
Verbal Person Marking WALS No person marking
Third Person Zero of Verbal Person Marking WALS No person marking
Order of Person Markers on the Verb WALS A and P do not or do not both occur on the verb
Reciprocal Constructions WALS Mixed
Passive Constructions WALS Absent
Negative Morphemes WALS Variation between negative word and affix
Symmetric and Asymmetric Standard Negation WALS Symmetric
Negative Indefinite Pronouns and Predicate Negation WALS Negative existential construction
Polar Questions WALS Question particle
Predicative Possession WALS Locational
Predicative Adjectives WALS Mixed
Nominal and Locational Predication WALS Different
Zero Copula for Predicate Nominals WALS Possible
Comparative Constructions WALS Exceed

Complex Sentences

Relativization on Subjects WALS Relative pronoun
Relativization on Obliques WALS Pronoun-retention
'Want' Complement Subjects WALS Both construction types exist
Purpose Clauses WALS Balanced
'When' Clauses WALS Balanced/deranked
Reason Clauses WALS Balanced

Lexicon

Hand and Arm WALS Identical
Finger and Hand WALS Identical
Numeral Bases WALS Hybrid vigesimal-decimal
Number of Non-Derived Basic Colour Categories WALS 5
Number of Basic Colour Categories WALS 9-10
Green and Blue WALS Yellow/green vs. blue
Red and Yellow WALS Yellow/green vs. red
M-T Pronouns WALS No M-T pronouns
N-M Pronouns WALS No N-M pronouns
Tea WALS Words derived from Min Nan Chinese te

Sign Languages

Irregular Negatives in Sign Languages WALS One
Question Particles in Sign Languages WALS More than one

Other

Writing Systems WALS Alphabetic
Para-Linguistic Usages of Clicks WALS Other or none

Conlang-specific

Conlang type Artlang

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