Features for Sakawi

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Phonology

Consonant Inventories WALS Large
Vowel Quality Inventories WALS Large (7-14)

/æ/、/e/、/i/、/y/、/ɑ/、/o/、/u/

Consonant-Vowel Ratio WALS Moderately high
Voicing in Plosives and Fricatives WALS In both plosives and fricatives
Voicing and Gaps in Plosive Systems WALS None missing in /p t k b d g/
Uvular Consonants WALS None
Glottalized Consonants WALS No glottalized consonants
Lateral Consonants WALS No /l/, but lateral obstruents

it has /ɬ/ and /ɮ/, in many dialects /ɬ/ had assimilated with /ɮ/.

The Velar Nasal WALS Initial velar nasal
Vowel Nasalization WALS Contrast absent
Front Rounded Vowels WALS High only

there once had an mid front rounded vowel, and is still reflected in writting and transcription, but the mid front rounded vowel has been merged with its unrounded counterpart /e/ in actual speech.

Syllable Structure WALS Complex

the underlying maximal syllable structure is (C)(C)(C)(C)V(N), non-nasal consonantal "endings"(mostly continuants like r,ll,lh,s,z,etc) are seen as having an elided reduced vowel following it(or are seen as syllabic consonants), and all word-medial consonant clusters shall have the form of "a nasal+a single consonant", "an initial cluster"(a consonant cluster that are permitted to start a sord), "a nasal + an initial cluster"(a consonant cluster that are permitted to start a sord)

for example, the syllable structure of kunomostomistakimos("he/she/it doesn't give him/her/it to him/her/it) is interpreted as "ku-no-mo-sto-mi-sta-ki-mo-s"(note that s is interpreted as a independent syllable), having 9 syllables and morae, not "ku-no-mos-to-mis-ta-ki-mos"; the syllable structure of mallormuki("let's go") is interpreted as "ma-llo-r-mu-ki"(note that s is interpreted as a independent syllable), not "ma-llor-mu-ki".

plosive endings of a syllable can only be found in loanwords.

Tone WALS No tones
Weight Factors in Weight-Sensitive Stress Systems WALS Prominence
Absence of Common Consonants WALS All present
Presence of Uncommon Consonants WALS Labial-velars

In fact, both Labial-velars and "Th'" sounds do occur, and it also has Labiodentals.

Morphology

Fusion of Selected Inflectional Formatives WALS Exclusively concatenative
Exponence of Selected Inflectional Formatives WALS No case
Inflectional Synthesis of the Verb WALS 8-9 categories per word
Locus of Marking in the Clause WALS Head marking
Locus of Marking in Possessive Noun Phrases WALS Head marking
Locus of Marking: Whole-language Typology WALS Head-marking
Prefixing vs. Suffixing in Inflectional Morphology WALS Strongly suffixing
Reduplication WALS No productive reduplication
Case Syncretism WALS No case marking
Syncretism in Verbal Person/Number Marking WALS Not syncretic

Nominal Categories

Number of Genders WALS None
Sex-based and Non-sex-based Gender Systems WALS No gender
Systems of Gender Assignment WALS No gender
Coding of Nominal Plurality WALS Plural suffix
Occurrence of Nominal Plurality WALS All nouns, always optional

Numbers are mostly indicated by agreements.

Plurality in Independent Personal Pronouns WALS Person-number stem + nominal plural affix
The Associative Plural WALS Unique affixal associative plural
Definite Articles WALS No definite or indefinite article
Indefinite Articles WALS No definite or indefinite article
Inclusive/Exclusive Distinction in Independent Pronouns WALS Inclusive/exclusive
Inclusive/Exclusive Distinction in Verbal Inflection WALS Inclusive/exclusive
Distance Contrasts in Demonstratives WALS Two-way contrast
Pronominal and Adnominal Demonstratives WALS Identical
Third Person Pronouns and Demonstratives WALS Related for all demonstratives
Gender Distinctions in Independent Personal Pronouns WALS No gender distinctions
Politeness Distinctions in Pronouns WALS No politeness distinction
Indefinite Pronouns WALS Mixed
Person Marking on Adpositions WALS Pronouns and nouns

Adpositions are in fact derivated from verbs( and nouns).

Number of Cases WALS No morphological case-marking
Asymmetrical Case-Marking WALS No case-marking
Position of Case Affixes WALS No case affixes or adpositional clitics
Comitatives and Instrumentals WALS Differentiation
Ordinal Numerals WALS First, second, three-th
Distributive Numerals WALS No distributive numerals
Numeral Classifiers WALS Absent
Position of Pronominal Possessive Affixes WALS Possessive suffixes

Nominal Syntax

Obligatory Possessive Inflection WALS Absent
Possessive Classification WALS No possessive classification
Genitives, Adjectives and Relative Clauses WALS Highly differentiated
Adjectives without Nouns WALS Without marking
Action Nominal Constructions WALS Mixed
Noun Phrase Conjunction WALS 'And' different from 'with'
Nominal and Verbal Conjunction WALS Identity

Verbal Categories

Perfective/Imperfective Aspect WALS No grammatical marking
The Past Tense WALS Present, 2-3 remoteness distinctions
The Future Tense WALS Inflectional future exists
The Perfect WALS Other perfect
Position of Tense-Aspect Affixes WALS Tense-aspect suffixes
The Morphological Imperative WALS Second singular and second plural
The Prohibitive WALS Normal imperative + special negative
Suppletion According to Tense and Aspect WALS None
Verbal Number and Suppletion WALS None

Word Order

Order of Subject, Object and Verb WALS SOV
Order of Subject and Verb WALS SV
Order of Object and Verb WALS OV
Order of Object, Oblique, and Verb WALS No dominant order
Order of Adposition and Noun Phrase WALS Postpositions

adpositions are postpositions, and most of them are derivated from verbs(and nouns).

Order of Genitive and Noun WALS Genitive-Noun
Order of Adjective and Noun WALS Adjective-Noun
Order of Demonstrative and Noun WALS Mixed

prenominal demonstratives and demonstrative suffixes are used.

Order of Numeral and Noun WALS Noun-Numeral

The native numeral system can only modify verbs; while a Nevotak-origin system can modify nouns.

Sakawi speakers don't normally count the number of people or one's properties, when it's necessary to do so, numbers don't modify nouns.

Order of Relative Clause and Noun WALS Correlative
Position of Polar Question Particles WALS Final
Position of Interrogative Phrases in Content Questions WALS Not initial interrogative phrase
Order of Adverbial Subordinator and Clause WALS Mixed
Relationship between the Order of Object and Verb and the Order of Adposition and Noun Phrase WALS OV and Postpositions
Relationship between the Order of Object and Verb and the Order of Relative Clause and Noun WALS Other
Relationship between the Order of Object and Verb and the Order of Adjective and Noun WALS OV and AdjN
Order of Negative Morpheme and Verb WALS [V-Neg]
Position of Negative Morpheme With Respect to Subject, Object and Verb WALS MorphNeg

Simple Clauses

Alignment of Case Marking of Full Noun Phrases WALS Neutral
Alignment of Case Marking of Pronouns WALS Neutral
Alignment of Verbal Person Marking WALS Active
Expression of Pronominal Subjects WALS Subject affixes on verb
Verbal Person Marking WALS Both the A and P arguments
Third Person Zero of Verbal Person Marking WALS No zero realization
Order of Person Markers on the Verb WALS P precedes A
Ditransitive Constructions: The Verb 'Give' WALS Indirect-object construction
Reciprocal Constructions WALS Identical to reflexive
Passive Constructions WALS Absent
Antipassive Constructions WALS Implicit patient
Applicative Constructions WALS No applicative construction
Nonperiphrastic Causative Constructions WALS Morphological but no compound
Negative Morphemes WALS Negative affix
Symmetric and Asymmetric Standard Negation WALS Symmetric
Polar Questions WALS Question particle
Predicative Possession WALS Locational
Predicative Adjectives WALS Mixed
Nominal and Locational Predication WALS Different
Zero Copula for Predicate Nominals WALS Possible
Comparative Constructions WALS Conjoined

Complex Sentences

Relativization on Subjects WALS Non-reduction

Sakawi doesn't have relative clause in the european sense, it doesn't have attributive verbs(which can be seen as a way to form relative clauses), either.

but in a broader sense, it has relative clasue, it uses a Non-reduction strategy, as shown below:

sakani vempe kapanozmizmakir, sewi zar dumozminakir

saka-ni vempe kapan-ozm-izm-ak-ir, sewi zar dum-ozm-in-ak-ir

people-REL meat roast-3.PL.P-3.PL.A-INDIC-PAST, 3.PL yesterday see-3.PL.P-1.SG.A-INDIC-PAST

translation: Yesterday I saw people who roasted meat.

The relative markers are also used as a highlighter or a topic marker.

Relativization on Obliques WALS Non-reduction
'Want' Complement Subjects WALS Both construction types exist
Purpose Clauses WALS Deranked

Lexicon

Hand and Arm WALS Different
Finger and Hand WALS Different
Numeral Bases WALS Other base
Number of Non-Derived Basic Colour Categories WALS 5
Number of Basic Colour Categories WALS 4.5-5.5
Green and Blue WALS Green/blue
Red and Yellow WALS Red vs. yellow
M-T Pronouns WALS No M-T pronouns
N-M Pronouns WALS No N-M pronouns
Tea WALS Others

Other

Writing Systems WALS Alphasyllabic

Conlang-specific

Conlang type Artlang

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