Features for Ryupisasa

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Phonology

Consonant Inventories WALS Average
Vowel Quality Inventories WALS Large (7-14)
Consonant-Vowel Ratio WALS Average
Voicing in Plosives and Fricatives WALS In both plosives and fricatives
Voicing and Gaps in Plosive Systems WALS None missing in /p t k b d g/
Uvular Consonants WALS Uvular continuants only
Glottalized Consonants WALS No glottalized consonants
Lateral Consonants WALS /l/ and lateral obstruent
The Velar Nasal WALS No initial velar nasal
Vowel Nasalization WALS Contrast present
Front Rounded Vowels WALS High and mid
Syllable Structure WALS Moderately complex
Tone WALS Simple tone system
Fixed Stress Locations WALS No fixed stress
Weight-Sensitive Stress WALS Not predictable
Weight Factors in Weight-Sensitive Stress Systems WALS Combined
Rhythm Types WALS Dual: both trochaic and iambic
Absence of Common Consonants WALS All present
Presence of Uncommon Consonants WALS Clicks

Morphology

Fusion of Selected Inflectional Formatives WALS Exclusively concatenative
Exponence of Selected Inflectional Formatives WALS Case + number
Inflectional Synthesis of the Verb WALS 6-7 categories per word
Locus of Marking in the Clause WALS Dependent marking
Locus of Marking in Possessive Noun Phrases WALS Dependent marking
Locus of Marking: Whole-language Typology WALS Head-marking
Prefixing vs. Suffixing in Inflectional Morphology WALS Weakly suffixing
Reduplication WALS Productive full and partial reduplication
Case Syncretism WALS Core cases only
Syncretism in Verbal Person/Number Marking WALS Syncretic

Nominal Categories

Number of Genders WALS Four
Sex-based and Non-sex-based Gender Systems WALS Non-sex-based
Systems of Gender Assignment WALS Semantic and formal
Coding of Nominal Plurality WALS Plural suffix
Occurrence of Nominal Plurality WALS All nouns, always obligatory
Plurality in Independent Personal Pronouns WALS Person-number stem
The Associative Plural WALS Associative same as additive plural
Definite Articles WALS No definite, but indefinite article
Indefinite Articles WALS Indefinite affix
Inclusive/Exclusive Distinction in Independent Pronouns WALS Inclusive/exclusive
Inclusive/Exclusive Distinction in Verbal Inflection WALS 'We' the same as 'I'
Distance Contrasts in Demonstratives WALS Three-way contrast
Pronominal and Adnominal Demonstratives WALS Identical
Third Person Pronouns and Demonstratives WALS Related for non-human reference
Gender Distinctions in Independent Personal Pronouns WALS 3rd person only, but also non-singular
Politeness Distinctions in Pronouns WALS Pronouns avoided for politeness
Indefinite Pronouns WALS Interrogative-based
Intensifiers and Reflexive Pronouns WALS Identical
Person Marking on Adpositions WALS Pronouns only
Number of Cases WALS 8-9 cases
Asymmetrical Case-Marking WALS Syncretism in relevant NP-types
Position of Case Affixes WALS Case suffixes
Comitatives and Instrumentals WALS Differentiation
Ordinal Numerals WALS First, second, three-th
Distributive Numerals WALS Marked by suffix
Numeral Classifiers WALS Optional
Conjunctions and Universal Quantifiers WALS Formally similar, with interrogative
Position of Pronominal Possessive Affixes WALS Possessive suffixes

Nominal Syntax

Obligatory Possessive Inflection WALS Absent
Possessive Classification WALS Three to five classes
Genitives, Adjectives and Relative Clauses WALS Adjectives and relative clauses collapsed
Adjectives without Nouns WALS Marked by suffix
Action Nominal Constructions WALS Double-Possessive
Noun Phrase Conjunction WALS 'And' different from 'with'
Nominal and Verbal Conjunction WALS Identity

Verbal Categories

Perfective/Imperfective Aspect WALS Grammatical marking
The Past Tense WALS Present, no remoteness distinctions
The Future Tense WALS No inflectional future
The Perfect WALS Other perfect
Position of Tense-Aspect Affixes WALS Tense-aspect suffixes
The Morphological Imperative WALS Second person number-neutral
The Prohibitive WALS Special imperative + normal negative
Imperative-Hortative Systems WALS Neither type of system
Coding of Evidentiality WALS Part of the tense system

Word Order

Order of Subject, Object and Verb WALS SOV
Order of Subject and Verb WALS SV
Order of Object and Verb WALS OV
Order of Object, Oblique, and Verb WALS XOV
Order of Adposition and Noun Phrase WALS Postpositions
Order of Genitive and Noun WALS Genitive-Noun
Order of Adjective and Noun WALS Adjective-Noun
Order of Demonstrative and Noun WALS Demonstrative-Noun
Order of Numeral and Noun WALS Numeral-Noun
Order of Relative Clause and Noun WALS Relative clause-Noun
Order of Degree Word and Adjective WALS Degree word-Adjective
Position of Polar Question Particles WALS Initial
Position of Interrogative Phrases in Content Questions WALS Not initial interrogative phrase
Order of Adverbial Subordinator and Clause WALS Final subordinator word
Relationship between the Order of Object and Verb and the Order of Adposition and Noun Phrase WALS OV and Postpositions
Relationship between the Order of Object and Verb and the Order of Relative Clause and Noun WALS OV and RelN
Relationship between the Order of Object and Verb and the Order of Adjective and Noun WALS OV and AdjN

Simple Clauses

Alignment of Case Marking of Full Noun Phrases WALS Nominative - accusative (marked nominative)
Alignment of Case Marking of Pronouns WALS Active - inactive
Alignment of Verbal Person Marking WALS Accusative
Expression of Pronominal Subjects WALS Optional pronouns in subject position
Verbal Person Marking WALS Only the A argument
Third Person Zero of Verbal Person Marking WALS Zero in all 3sg forms
Order of Person Markers on the Verb WALS A and P do not or do not both occur on the verb
Ditransitive Constructions: The Verb 'Give' WALS Indirect-object construction
Reciprocal Constructions WALS Distinct from reflexive
Passive Constructions WALS Present
Antipassive Constructions WALS No antipassive
Applicative Constructions WALS No applicative construction
Periphrastic Causative Constructions WALS Purposive but no sequential
Nonperiphrastic Causative Constructions WALS Morphological but no compound
Negative Morphemes WALS Negative affix
Symmetric and Asymmetric Standard Negation WALS Both
Subtypes of Asymmetric Standard Negation WALS A/Cat
Negative Indefinite Pronouns and Predicate Negation WALS Predicate negation also present
Polar Questions WALS Question particle
Predicative Possession WALS Locational
Predicative Adjectives WALS Verbal encoding
Nominal and Locational Predication WALS Different
Zero Copula for Predicate Nominals WALS Impossible
Comparative Constructions WALS Locational

Lexicon

Hand and Arm WALS Different
Finger and Hand WALS Different
Numeral Bases WALS Decimal
Number of Non-Derived Basic Colour Categories WALS 4.5
Number of Basic Colour Categories WALS 8-8.5
Green and Blue WALS Green vs. blue
Red and Yellow WALS Red/yellow

Other

Writing Systems WALS Alphabetic

Conlang-specific

Conlang type Other

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