Conlang Atlas of Language Structures

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Features for Polish

This language is cloned from WALS. If you need to cite or disagree with any data on this language, you will have to do so at WALS, not here.

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Phonology

Consonant Inventories WALS Moderately large
Vowel Quality Inventories WALS Average (5-6)
Consonant-Vowel Ratio WALS High
Voicing in Plosives and Fricatives WALS In both plosives and fricatives
Voicing and Gaps in Plosive Systems WALS None missing in /p t k b d g/
Uvular Consonants WALS None
Glottalized Consonants WALS No glottalized consonants
Lateral Consonants WALS /l/, no obstruent laterals
Front Rounded Vowels WALS None
Syllable Structure WALS Complex
Tone WALS No tones
Fixed Stress Locations WALS Penultimate
Weight-Sensitive Stress WALS Fixed stress
Weight Factors in Weight-Sensitive Stress Systems WALS No weight
Rhythm Types WALS Trochaic
Absence of Common Consonants WALS All present
Presence of Uncommon Consonants WALS None

Morphology

Prefixing vs. Suffixing in Inflectional Morphology WALS Strongly suffixing

Nominal Categories

Coding of Nominal Plurality WALS Plural suffix
The Associative Plural WALS Associative same as additive plural
Definite Articles WALS No definite or indefinite article
Indefinite Articles WALS No definite or indefinite article
Gender Distinctions in Independent Personal Pronouns WALS 3rd person only, but also non-singular
Politeness Distinctions in Pronouns WALS Binary politeness distinction
Indefinite Pronouns WALS Interrogative-based
Intensifiers and Reflexive Pronouns WALS Differentiated
Person Marking on Adpositions WALS No person marking
Number of Cases WALS 6-7 cases
Asymmetrical Case-Marking WALS Syncretism in relevant NP-types
Position of Case Affixes WALS Case suffixes
Comitatives and Instrumentals WALS Differentiation
Ordinal Numerals WALS First, second, three-th
Distributive Numerals WALS Marked by preceding word

Nominal Syntax

Noun Phrase Conjunction WALS 'And' different from 'with'

Verbal Categories

Position of Tense-Aspect Affixes WALS Tense-aspect suffixes
The Morphological Imperative WALS Second singular and second plural
The Prohibitive WALS Normal imperative + normal negative
Imperative-Hortative Systems WALS Neither type of system
Situational Possibility WALS Verbal constructions
Epistemic Possibility WALS Verbal constructions
Overlap between Situational and Epistemic Modal Marking WALS Overlap for both possibility and necessity
Suppletion According to Tense and Aspect WALS Tense and aspect
Verbal Number and Suppletion WALS None

Word Order

Order of Subject, Object and Verb WALS SVO
Order of Subject and Verb WALS No dominant order
Order of Object and Verb WALS VO
Order of Adposition and Noun Phrase WALS Prepositions
Order of Genitive and Noun WALS Noun-Genitive
Order of Adjective and Noun WALS Adjective-Noun
Order of Demonstrative and Noun WALS Demonstrative-Noun
Order of Numeral and Noun WALS Numeral-Noun
Order of Relative Clause and Noun WALS Noun-Relative clause
Order of Degree Word and Adjective WALS Degree word-Adjective
Position of Polar Question Particles WALS Initial
Position of Interrogative Phrases in Content Questions WALS Initial interrogative phrase
Order of Adverbial Subordinator and Clause WALS Initial subordinator word
Relationship between the Order of Object and Verb and the Order of Adposition and Noun Phrase WALS VO and Prepositions
Relationship between the Order of Object and Verb and the Order of Relative Clause and Noun WALS VO and NRel
Relationship between the Order of Object and Verb and the Order of Adjective and Noun WALS VO and AdjN
Order of Negative Morpheme and Verb WALS NegV
Position of Negative Morpheme With Respect to Subject, Object and Verb WALS SNegVO

Simple Clauses

Alignment of Verbal Person Marking WALS Accusative
Expression of Pronominal Subjects WALS Subject clitics on variable host
Verbal Person Marking WALS Only the A argument
Third Person Zero of Verbal Person Marking WALS No zero realization
Order of Person Markers on the Verb WALS A and P do not or do not both occur on the verb
Reciprocal Constructions WALS Mixed
Passive Constructions WALS Present
Negative Morphemes WALS Negative particle
Negative Indefinite Pronouns and Predicate Negation WALS Predicate negation also present
Polar Questions WALS Question particle
Predicative Possession WALS 'Have'
Predicative Adjectives WALS Nonverbal encoding
Nominal and Locational Predication WALS Identical
Zero Copula for Predicate Nominals WALS Possible

Lexicon

Hand and Arm WALS Different
Finger and Hand WALS Different
Tea WALS Others

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