Features for Lup (Simplified)

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Phonology

Consonant Inventories WALS Average 
22 consonants

/b/
/d/
/f/
/g/
/j/
/h/
/k/
/l/
/m/
/n/
/p/
/ɹ/
/s/
/t/
/v/
/w/
/z/
/ç/
/ʃ/
/θ/
/ʒ/
/t͡ʃ/
/d͡ʒ/
Vowel Quality Inventories WALS Average (5-6) 
5 vowel qualities

/a/
/e/
/i/
/o/
/u/
Consonant-Vowel Ratio WALS Average
Voicing in Plosives and Fricatives WALS In both plosives and fricatives
Voicing and Gaps in Plosive Systems WALS None missing in /p t k b d g/
Uvular Consonants WALS None
Glottalized Consonants WALS No glottalized consonants
Lateral Consonants WALS /l/, no obstruent laterals
The Velar Nasal WALS No initial velar nasal
Vowel Nasalization WALS Contrast absent
Front Rounded Vowels WALS None
Syllable Structure WALS Complex 
Valid syllables are of the form:

(C)(C)V(C)(C)
Tone WALS No tones
Fixed Stress Locations WALS Ultimate
Weight-Sensitive Stress WALS Not predictable
Weight Factors in Weight-Sensitive Stress Systems WALS No weight
Rhythm Types WALS No rhythmic stress
Absence of Common Consonants WALS All present
Presence of Uncommon Consonants WALS 'Th' sounds

Morphology

Fusion of Selected Inflectional Formatives WALS Exclusively concatenative
Exponence of Selected Inflectional Formatives WALS Monoexponential case
Inflectional Synthesis of the Verb WALS 4-5 categories per word 
Verb inflections:

(polarity) [ROOT] (telicity+boundness) (mood) (tense) (aspect)
Locus of Marking in the Clause WALS Dependent marking
Locus of Marking in Possessive Noun Phrases WALS Dependent marking
Locus of Marking: Whole-language Typology WALS Dependent-marking
Prefixing vs. Suffixing in Inflectional Morphology WALS Strongly suffixing
Reduplication WALS No productive reduplication
Case Syncretism WALS No syncretism
Syncretism in Verbal Person/Number Marking WALS Not syncretic

Nominal Categories

Number of Genders WALS Five or more 
No gender (masculine/feminine) marking except *optionally* for nouns/pronouns having biological sex.

Nouns only use an hierarchical animacy system:

person - animal - living - non-living - abstract
Sex-based and Non-sex-based Gender Systems WALS Non-sex-based
Systems of Gender Assignment WALS No gender
Coding of Nominal Plurality WALS Plural suffix
Occurrence of Nominal Plurality WALS All nouns, always obligatory
Plurality in Independent Personal Pronouns WALS Person stem + nominal plural affix
The Associative Plural WALS No associative plural
Definite Articles WALS Definite word distinct from demonstrative
Indefinite Articles WALS No indefinite, but definite article
Inclusive/Exclusive Distinction in Independent Pronouns WALS Only inclusive
Inclusive/Exclusive Distinction in Verbal Inflection WALS No inclusive/exclusive
Distance Contrasts in Demonstratives WALS Three-way contrast
Pronominal and Adnominal Demonstratives WALS Identical 
While the form is identical, demonstratives are attached as suffixes to the referenced noun.
Third Person Pronouns and Demonstratives WALS Related to remote demonstratives
Gender Distinctions in Independent Personal Pronouns WALS In 3rd person + 1st and/or 2nd person 
Gender distinctions exist, but are optional and used only when needed for clarity.
Politeness Distinctions in Pronouns WALS No politeness distinction
Indefinite Pronouns WALS Generic-noun-based
Intensifiers and Reflexive Pronouns WALS Differentiated
Person Marking on Adpositions WALS No person marking
Number of Cases WALS 10 or more cases 
Role
1. nominative
2. accusative
3. dative
4. reciprocal
5. reflexive

Location
6. superessive
7. adessive
8. inessive
9. subessive
10. intrative
11. antessive
12. postessive

Motion
13. allative 
14. ablative
15. perlative

Time
16. temporal

Relation/Quantifiers
17. genitive
18. instrumental
19. comitative
20. benefactive
21. semblative
22. essive
23. partative
24. multiplicative
25. distributive
Asymmetrical Case-Marking WALS Symmetrical
Position of Case Affixes WALS Case suffixes
Comitatives and Instrumentals WALS Differentiation 
Comitatives and instrumentals are coded as two distinct case suffixes.
Ordinal Numerals WALS One-th, two-th, three-th
Distributive Numerals WALS Marked by suffix
Numeral Classifiers WALS Absent
Conjunctions and Universal Quantifiers WALS Formally different
Position of Pronominal Possessive Affixes WALS Possessive suffixes

Nominal Syntax

Obligatory Possessive Inflection WALS Absent
Possessive Classification WALS No possessive classification
Genitives, Adjectives and Relative Clauses WALS Highly differentiated 
a. John's dog  (uses genitive case suffix)

b. yellow dog (uses Adj N construction)

c. dog that John brought (uses relative clause construction)
Adjectives without Nouns WALS Not without noun 
Alternatively, the adjective can be converted to a noun with a change of suffix.
Action Nominal Constructions WALS Other 
Action nominals (e.g. "running", "destruction") do exist. English construction such as:

"John’s running"
"the enemy’s destruction of the city"

are instead constructed as:

"running by John" (using instrumental case for John)

"destruction of the city by the enemy" (using genitive and instrumental cases for city and enemy, respectively)
Noun Phrase Conjunction WALS 'And' different from 'with'
Nominal and Verbal Conjunction WALS Identity

Verbal Categories

Perfective/Imperfective Aspect WALS Grammatical marking 
There are eight aspects: three imperfective, four perfective and one generic (gnomic).

1. Imperfective - Interative 
2. Imperfective - Progressive
3. Imperfective - Habitual
4. Perfective - Momentane
5. Perfective - Inchoative
6. Perfective - Inceptive
7. Perfective - Cessative
8. Generic
The Past Tense WALS Present, no remoteness distinctions 
There are three tenses only:

1. Past
2. Present
3. Future

with no remoteness distinctions in inflections.
The Future Tense WALS Inflectional future exists
The Perfect WALS Other perfect
Position of Tense-Aspect Affixes WALS Tense-aspect suffixes
The Morphological Imperative WALS Second singular and second plural
The Prohibitive WALS Normal imperative + normal negative
Imperative-Hortative Systems WALS Maximal system
The Optative WALS Inflectional optative absent 
Opative is formed using a modal verb with the imperative formation of the main verb.
Situational Possibility WALS Verbal constructions
Epistemic Possibility WALS Verbal constructions
Overlap between Situational and Epistemic Modal Marking WALS No overlap
Semantic Distinctions of Evidentiality WALS Direct and indirect 
Seven evidential distinctions (using modal verbs).

1. Indirect
  a) deductive
  b) dubitative
  c) hypothetical
  d) speculative

2. Direct
  a) sensory
  b) quotative
  c) assumptive
Coding of Evidentiality WALS Separate particle
Suppletion According to Tense and Aspect WALS None
Verbal Number and Suppletion WALS None

Word Order

Order of Subject, Object and Verb WALS VSO
Order of Subject and Verb WALS VS
Order of Object and Verb WALS VO
Order of Object, Oblique, and Verb WALS VOX
Order of Adposition and Noun Phrase WALS Postpositions
Order of Genitive and Noun WALS Noun-Genitive
Order of Adjective and Noun WALS Adjective-Noun
Order of Demonstrative and Noun WALS Demonstrative suffix
Order of Numeral and Noun WALS Numeral-Noun
Order of Relative Clause and Noun WALS Noun-Relative clause
Order of Degree Word and Adjective WALS Degree word-Adjective 
Comparisons [least, less, positive, more, most] are indicated by adjective suffixes. Other degree words precede the adjectives.
Position of Polar Question Particles WALS No question particle 
Polar questions indicated by interrogative suffix on verb.
Position of Interrogative Phrases in Content Questions WALS Not initial interrogative phrase
Order of Adverbial Subordinator and Clause WALS Initial subordinator word
Relationship between the Order of Object and Verb and the Order of Adposition and Noun Phrase WALS Other 
An adposition function is indicated by either a case suffix on the object noun or an adverb before the verb (usually when there is no object noun).
Relationship between the Order of Object and Verb and the Order of Relative Clause and Noun WALS VO and NRel
Relationship between the Order of Object and Verb and the Order of Adjective and Noun WALS VO and AdjN
Order of Negative Morpheme and Verb WALS [Neg-V]
Position of Negative Morpheme With Respect to Subject, Object and Verb WALS NegVSO

Simple Clauses

Alignment of Case Marking of Full Noun Phrases WALS Nominative - accusative (standard)
Alignment of Case Marking of Pronouns WALS Nominative - accusative (standard)
Alignment of Verbal Person Marking WALS Neutral
Expression of Pronominal Subjects WALS Obligatory pronouns in subject position
Verbal Person Marking WALS No person marking
Third Person Zero of Verbal Person Marking WALS No person marking
Order of Person Markers on the Verb WALS A and P do not or do not both occur on the verb
Ditransitive Constructions: The Verb 'Give' WALS Indirect-object construction
Reciprocal Constructions WALS Distinct from reflexive
Passive Constructions WALS Present
Negative Morphemes WALS Negative affix
Symmetric and Asymmetric Standard Negation WALS Symmetric
Subtypes of Asymmetric Standard Negation WALS Non-assignable
Negative Indefinite Pronouns and Predicate Negation WALS No predicate negation
Polar Questions WALS Interrogative verb morphology
Predicative Possession WALS 'Have'
Predicative Adjectives WALS Nonverbal encoding
Nominal and Locational Predication WALS Different
Zero Copula for Predicate Nominals WALS Impossible
Comparative Constructions WALS Particle

Complex Sentences

Relativization on Subjects WALS Relative pronoun
Relativization on Obliques WALS Relative pronoun
'Want' Complement Subjects WALS Desiderative particle
Purpose Clauses WALS Balanced
'When' Clauses WALS Balanced
Reason Clauses WALS Balanced
Utterance Complement Clauses WALS Balanced

Lexicon

Hand and Arm WALS Different
Finger and Hand WALS Different
Numeral Bases WALS Decimal
Number of Non-Derived Basic Colour Categories WALS 6
Number of Basic Colour Categories WALS 11 
Basic Colours:
1. black
2. white
3. red
4. yellow
5. green
6. blue
7. orange
8. brown
9. grey
10. pink
11. purple
Green and Blue WALS Green vs. blue
Red and Yellow WALS Red vs. yellow
M-T Pronouns WALS M-T pronouns, paradigmatic
N-M Pronouns WALS No N-M pronouns
Tea WALS Words derived from Min Nan Chinese te

Sign Languages

Irregular Negatives in Sign Languages WALS None
Question Particles in Sign Languages WALS None

Other

Writing Systems WALS Alphabetic
Para-Linguistic Usages of Clicks WALS Other or none

Conlang-specific

Conlang type Fauxlang

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