Features for Lakhota

This language is cloned from WALS. If you need to cite or disagree with any data on this language, you will have to do so at WALS, not here.

Consonant Inventories ^WALS	Moderately large
Vowel Quality Inventories ^WALS	Average (5-6)
Consonant-Vowel Ratio ^WALS	Moderately high
Voicing in Plosives and Fricatives ^WALS	In fricatives alone
Voicing and Gaps in Plosive Systems ^WALS	Other
Uvular Consonants ^WALS	None
Glottalized Consonants ^WALS	Ejectives only
Lateral Consonants ^WALS	/l/, no obstruent laterals
The Velar Nasal ^WALS	No velar nasal
Vowel Nasalization ^WALS	Contrast present
Front Rounded Vowels ^WALS	None
Syllable Structure ^WALS	Complex
Tone ^WALS	No tones
Absence of Common Consonants ^WALS	All present
Presence of Uncommon Consonants ^WALS	None

Fusion of Selected Inflectional Formatives ^WALS	Isolating/concatenative
Exponence of Selected Inflectional Formatives ^WALS	No case
Inflectional Synthesis of the Verb ^WALS	10-11 categories per word
Locus of Marking in the Clause ^WALS	Head marking
Locus of Marking in Possessive Noun Phrases ^WALS	Head marking
Locus of Marking: Whole-language Typology ^WALS	Head-marking
Prefixing vs. Suffixing in Inflectional Morphology ^WALS	Weakly prefixing
Reduplication ^WALS	Productive full and partial reduplication
Case Syncretism ^WALS	No case marking
Syncretism in Verbal Person/Number Marking ^WALS	Not syncretic

Coding of Nominal Plurality ^WALS	Plural word
Plurality in Independent Personal Pronouns ^WALS	Person-number affixes
The Associative Plural ^WALS	No associative plural
Definite Articles ^WALS	Definite word distinct from demonstrative
Indefinite Articles ^WALS	Indefinite word distinct from 'one'
Inclusive/Exclusive Distinction in Independent Pronouns ^WALS	No inclusive/exclusive
Inclusive/Exclusive Distinction in Verbal Inflection ^WALS	No inclusive/exclusive
Distance Contrasts in Demonstratives ^WALS	Three-way contrast
Pronominal and Adnominal Demonstratives ^WALS	Identical
Third Person Pronouns and Demonstratives ^WALS	Unrelated
Gender Distinctions in Independent Personal Pronouns ^WALS	No gender distinctions
Politeness Distinctions in Pronouns ^WALS	No politeness distinction
Indefinite Pronouns ^WALS	Interrogative-based
Intensifiers and Reflexive Pronouns ^WALS	Differentiated
Person Marking on Adpositions ^WALS	Pronouns only
Number of Cases ^WALS	No morphological case-marking
Asymmetrical Case-Marking ^WALS	No case-marking
Position of Case Affixes ^WALS	No case affixes or adpositional clitics
Comitatives and Instrumentals ^WALS	Differentiation
Ordinal Numerals ^WALS	First, two-th, three-th
Numeral Classifiers ^WALS	Absent
Position of Pronominal Possessive Affixes ^WALS	Possessive prefixes

Obligatory Possessive Inflection ^WALS	Absent
Possessive Classification ^WALS	Two classes
Action Nominal Constructions ^WALS	No action nominals
Noun Phrase Conjunction ^WALS	'And' different from 'with'
Nominal and Verbal Conjunction ^WALS	Identity

Perfective/Imperfective Aspect ^WALS	No grammatical marking
The Past Tense ^WALS	No past tense
The Future Tense ^WALS	No inflectional future
The Perfect ^WALS	No perfect
Position of Tense-Aspect Affixes ^WALS	Tense-aspect suffixes
The Morphological Imperative ^WALS	No second-person imperatives
The Prohibitive ^WALS	Normal imperative + normal negative
Imperative-Hortative Systems ^WALS	Neither type of system
The Optative ^WALS	Inflectional optative absent
Situational Possibility ^WALS	Verbal constructions
Epistemic Possibility ^WALS	Affixes on verbs
Overlap between Situational and Epistemic Modal Marking ^WALS	No overlap
Semantic Distinctions of Evidentiality ^WALS	Indirect only
Coding of Evidentiality ^WALS	Separate particle
Suppletion According to Tense and Aspect ^WALS	None
Verbal Number and Suppletion ^WALS	None

Order of Subject, Object and Verb ^WALS	SOV
Order of Subject and Verb ^WALS	SV
Order of Object and Verb ^WALS	OV
Order of Adposition and Noun Phrase ^WALS	Postpositions
Order of Genitive and Noun ^WALS	No dominant order
Order of Adjective and Noun ^WALS	Noun-Adjective
Order of Demonstrative and Noun ^WALS	Mixed
Order of Numeral and Noun ^WALS	Noun-Numeral
Order of Relative Clause and Noun ^WALS	Internally headed
Order of Degree Word and Adjective ^WALS	Degree word-Adjective
Position of Polar Question Particles ^WALS	Final
Position of Interrogative Phrases in Content Questions ^WALS	Not initial interrogative phrase
Relationship between the Order of Object and Verb and the Order of Adposition and Noun Phrase ^WALS	OV and Postpositions
Relationship between the Order of Object and Verb and the Order of Relative Clause and Noun ^WALS	Other
Relationship between the Order of Object and Verb and the Order of Adjective and Noun ^WALS	OV and NAdj
Order of Negative Morpheme and Verb ^WALS	VNeg
Position of Negative Morpheme With Respect to Subject, Object and Verb ^WALS	SOVNeg

Alignment of Case Marking of Full Noun Phrases ^WALS	Neutral
Alignment of Verbal Person Marking ^WALS	Active
Expression of Pronominal Subjects ^WALS	Subject affixes on verb
Verbal Person Marking ^WALS	Both the A and P arguments
Third Person Zero of Verbal Person Marking ^WALS	Zero in all 3rd person forms
Order of Person Markers on the Verb ^WALS	Both orders of A and P occur
Ditransitive Constructions: The Verb 'Give' ^WALS	Double-object construction
Reciprocal Constructions ^WALS	Distinct from reflexive
Passive Constructions ^WALS	Absent
Antipassive Constructions ^WALS	No antipassive
Applicative Constructions ^WALS	Benefactive and other; both bases
Nonperiphrastic Causative Constructions ^WALS	Both
Negative Morphemes ^WALS	Negative particle
Symmetric and Asymmetric Standard Negation ^WALS	Symmetric
Subtypes of Asymmetric Standard Negation ^WALS	Non-assignable
Negative Indefinite Pronouns and Predicate Negation ^WALS	Predicate negation also present
Polar Questions ^WALS	Question particle
Predicative Possession ^WALS	'Have'
Predicative Adjectives ^WALS	Verbal encoding
Nominal and Locational Predication ^WALS	Different
Zero Copula for Predicate Nominals ^WALS	Impossible
Comparative Constructions ^WALS	Conjoined

Relativization on Subjects ^WALS	Non-reduction
Relativization on Obliques ^WALS	Non-reduction
Purpose Clauses ^WALS	Balanced
'When' Clauses ^WALS	Balanced
Reason Clauses ^WALS	Balanced
Utterance Complement Clauses ^WALS	Balanced

Para-Linguistic Usages of Clicks ^WALS	Other or none

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