Features for Kutenai

This language is cloned from WALS. If you need to cite or disagree with any data on this language, you will have to do so at WALS, not here.

Consonant Inventories ^WALS	Moderately large
Vowel Quality Inventories ^WALS	Small (2-4)
Consonant-Vowel Ratio ^WALS	High
Voicing in Plosives and Fricatives ^WALS	No voicing constrast
Voicing and Gaps in Plosive Systems ^WALS	Other
Uvular Consonants ^WALS	Uvular stops and continuants
Glottalized Consonants ^WALS	Ejectives and glottalized resonants
Lateral Consonants ^WALS	No /l/, but lateral obstruents
The Velar Nasal ^WALS	No velar nasal
Vowel Nasalization ^WALS	Contrast absent
Front Rounded Vowels ^WALS	None
Syllable Structure ^WALS	Complex
Tone ^WALS	No tones
Fixed Stress Locations ^WALS	Penultimate
Weight-Sensitive Stress ^WALS	Fixed stress
Weight Factors in Weight-Sensitive Stress Systems ^WALS	Lexical stress
Rhythm Types ^WALS	Trochaic
Absence of Common Consonants ^WALS	All present
Presence of Uncommon Consonants ^WALS	None

Fusion of Selected Inflectional Formatives ^WALS	Exclusively concatenative
Exponence of Selected Inflectional Formatives ^WALS	Case + referentiality
Inflectional Synthesis of the Verb ^WALS	4-5 categories per word
Locus of Marking in the Clause ^WALS	Double marking
Locus of Marking in Possessive Noun Phrases ^WALS	Head marking
Locus of Marking: Whole-language Typology ^WALS	Inconsistent or other
Prefixing vs. Suffixing in Inflectional Morphology ^WALS	Weakly suffixing
Reduplication ^WALS	No productive reduplication
Case Syncretism ^WALS	No case marking
Syncretism in Verbal Person/Number Marking ^WALS	Not syncretic

Number of Genders ^WALS	None
Sex-based and Non-sex-based Gender Systems ^WALS	No gender
Systems of Gender Assignment ^WALS	No gender
Coding of Nominal Plurality ^WALS	Plural prefix
Occurrence of Nominal Plurality ^WALS	Only human nouns, obligatory
Plurality in Independent Personal Pronouns ^WALS	Person-number stem
The Associative Plural ^WALS	No associative plural
Definite Articles ^WALS	Definite word distinct from demonstrative
Indefinite Articles ^WALS	No indefinite, but definite article
Inclusive/Exclusive Distinction in Independent Pronouns ^WALS	No inclusive/exclusive
Inclusive/Exclusive Distinction in Verbal Inflection ^WALS	'We' the same as 'I'
Distance Contrasts in Demonstratives ^WALS	Three-way contrast
Pronominal and Adnominal Demonstratives ^WALS	Identical
Gender Distinctions in Independent Personal Pronouns ^WALS	No gender distinctions
Politeness Distinctions in Pronouns ^WALS	No politeness distinction
Indefinite Pronouns ^WALS	Interrogative-based
Intensifiers and Reflexive Pronouns ^WALS	Differentiated
Person Marking on Adpositions ^WALS	No adpositions
Number of Cases ^WALS	No morphological case-marking
Asymmetrical Case-Marking ^WALS	No case-marking
Position of Case Affixes ^WALS	No case affixes or adpositional clitics
Distributive Numerals ^WALS	No distributive numerals
Numeral Classifiers ^WALS	Absent
Conjunctions and Universal Quantifiers ^WALS	Formally different
Position of Pronominal Possessive Affixes ^WALS	Possessive suffixes

Obligatory Possessive Inflection ^WALS	Exists
Possessive Classification ^WALS	No possessive classification
Genitives, Adjectives and Relative Clauses ^WALS	Adjectives and relative clauses collapsed
Adjectives without Nouns ^WALS	Without marking
Action Nominal Constructions ^WALS	No action nominals
Nominal and Verbal Conjunction ^WALS	Identity

Perfective/Imperfective Aspect ^WALS	No grammatical marking
The Past Tense ^WALS	No past tense
The Future Tense ^WALS	Inflectional future exists
The Perfect ^WALS	No perfect
Position of Tense-Aspect Affixes ^WALS	No tense-aspect inflection
The Morphological Imperative ^WALS	Second singular and second plural
Imperative-Hortative Systems ^WALS	Neither type of system
The Optative ^WALS	Inflectional optative absent
Situational Possibility ^WALS	Other kinds of markers
Epistemic Possibility ^WALS	Other
Overlap between Situational and Epistemic Modal Marking ^WALS	No overlap
Semantic Distinctions of Evidentiality ^WALS	No grammatical evidentials
Coding of Evidentiality ^WALS	No grammatical evidentials
Suppletion According to Tense and Aspect ^WALS	None
Verbal Number and Suppletion ^WALS	None

Order of Subject, Object and Verb ^WALS	No dominant order
Order of Subject and Verb ^WALS	VS
Order of Object and Verb ^WALS	VO
Order of Adposition and Noun Phrase ^WALS	No adpositions
Order of Genitive and Noun ^WALS	Noun-Genitive
Order of Adjective and Noun ^WALS	Only internally-headed relative clauses
Order of Demonstrative and Noun ^WALS	Demonstrative-Noun
Order of Numeral and Noun ^WALS	Numeral-Noun
Order of Relative Clause and Noun ^WALS	Internally headed
Order of Degree Word and Adjective ^WALS	Degree word-Adjective
Position of Polar Question Particles ^WALS	Initial
Position of Interrogative Phrases in Content Questions ^WALS	Initial interrogative phrase
Order of Adverbial Subordinator and Clause ^WALS	Initial subordinator word
Relationship between the Order of Object and Verb and the Order of Relative Clause and Noun ^WALS	Other
Relationship between the Order of Object and Verb and the Order of Adjective and Noun ^WALS	Other
Order of Negative Morpheme and Verb ^WALS	NegV
Position of Negative Morpheme With Respect to Subject, Object and Verb ^WALS	More than one position

Alignment of Case Marking of Full Noun Phrases ^WALS	Neutral
Alignment of Case Marking of Pronouns ^WALS	Neutral
Alignment of Verbal Person Marking ^WALS	Accusative
Expression of Pronominal Subjects ^WALS	Subject clitics on variable host
Verbal Person Marking ^WALS	Both the A and P arguments
Third Person Zero of Verbal Person Marking ^WALS	Zero in all 3rd person forms
Order of Person Markers on the Verb ^WALS	A precedes P
Ditransitive Constructions: The Verb 'Give' ^WALS	Secondary-object construction
Reciprocal Constructions ^WALS	Distinct from reflexive
Passive Constructions ^WALS	Present
Antipassive Constructions ^WALS	No antipassive
Applicative Constructions ^WALS	Benefactive and other; both bases
Nonperiphrastic Causative Constructions ^WALS	Morphological but no compound
Negative Morphemes ^WALS	Negative particle
Symmetric and Asymmetric Standard Negation ^WALS	Symmetric
Subtypes of Asymmetric Standard Negation ^WALS	Non-assignable
Polar Questions ^WALS	Question particle

'Want' Complement Subjects ^WALS	Subject is expressed overtly

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