| Consonant Inventories WALS |
Large |
Pulmonic:
alveolar palatal velar uvular glottal
stop t/tʰ/t' c/cʰ/c' k/kʰ/k' q/qʰ/q' ʔ
fricative θˢ̣/s ç/ɕ x h
nasal n ɲ ɴ
approximant l j ɰ
Clicks:
dental lateral palatal
tenuis ǀ ǁ ǂ
nazalized ⁿǀ ᵑǁ ᵑǂ
glottalized ǀˀ ǁˀ ǂˀ |
| Vowel Quality Inventories WALS |
Small (2-4) |
The consonant-vowel distinction is nowhere near as clear in Jel as it typically is, as everything but stops and clicks may be syllabic. The features involving this distinction may therefore be somewhat misleading, but I have gone with dividing them according to articulation for these rather than behavior in a syllable.
The prototypical vowels are /i/, /ɯ/, /a/ but there is a lot of variation in exact pronunciation due to phonemeic environment and dialect |
| Consonant-Vowel Ratio WALS |
High |
| Voicing in Plosives and Fricatives WALS |
No voicing constrast |
Distinction is between tenuis, aspirated, and ejective |
| Voicing and Gaps in Plosive Systems WALS |
Other |
Voicing is unproductive across language, and there are no labial articulations |
| Uvular Consonants WALS |
Uvular stops and continuants |
Full uvular plosive contrast, and the nasal /ɴ/ |
| Glottalized Consonants WALS |
Ejectives only |
| Lateral Consonants WALS |
/l/, no obstruent laterals |
| The Velar Nasal WALS |
Initial velar nasal |
| Vowel Nasalization WALS |
Contrast present |
| Front Rounded Vowels WALS |
None |
| Syllable Structure WALS |
Moderately complex |
CN(C) with closed syllables only at the end of a word, unless lexicalized through compounding |
| Tone WALS |
Simple tone system |
High/low distinction on voiced (pre-phonemic process) syllable nuclei, with additional mid tone contrast in vowels |
| Fixed Stress Locations WALS |
Second |
Compounds (head-final) minimize stress except on the final word |
| Weight-Sensitive Stress WALS |
Fixed stress |
| Weight Factors in Weight-Sensitive Stress Systems WALS |
No weight |
| Rhythm Types WALS |
No rhythmic stress |
| Absence of Common Consonants WALS |
No bilabials |
| Presence of Uncommon Consonants WALS |
Clicks |
Also has 'th', but no option to select the combination of the two |
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