Features for Jakaltek

This language is cloned from WALS. If you need to cite or disagree with any data on this language, you will have to do so at WALS, not here.

Consonant Inventories ^WALS	Moderately large
Vowel Quality Inventories ^WALS	Average (5-6)
Consonant-Vowel Ratio ^WALS	Moderately high
Voicing in Plosives and Fricatives ^WALS	No voicing constrast
Voicing and Gaps in Plosive Systems ^WALS	Other
Uvular Consonants ^WALS	Uvular stops and continuants
Glottalized Consonants ^WALS	Ejectives only
Lateral Consonants ^WALS	/l/, no obstruent laterals
The Velar Nasal ^WALS	No velar nasal
Vowel Nasalization ^WALS	Contrast absent
Front Rounded Vowels ^WALS	None
Syllable Structure ^WALS	Moderately complex
Tone ^WALS	No tones
Fixed Stress Locations ^WALS	Initial
Weight-Sensitive Stress ^WALS	Fixed stress
Weight Factors in Weight-Sensitive Stress Systems ^WALS	No weight
Absence of Common Consonants ^WALS	All present
Presence of Uncommon Consonants ^WALS	None

Fusion of Selected Inflectional Formatives ^WALS	Exclusively concatenative
Exponence of Selected Inflectional Formatives ^WALS	No case
Inflectional Synthesis of the Verb ^WALS	4-5 categories per word
Locus of Marking in the Clause ^WALS	Head marking
Locus of Marking in Possessive Noun Phrases ^WALS	Head marking
Locus of Marking: Whole-language Typology ^WALS	Head-marking
Prefixing vs. Suffixing in Inflectional Morphology ^WALS	Strong prefixing
Reduplication ^WALS	Productive full and partial reduplication
Case Syncretism ^WALS	No case marking
Syncretism in Verbal Person/Number Marking ^WALS	Not syncretic

Coding of Nominal Plurality ^WALS	Plural word
Occurrence of Nominal Plurality ^WALS	All nouns, always optional
Plurality in Independent Personal Pronouns ^WALS	Person-number affixes
Definite Articles ^WALS	No definite, but indefinite article
Indefinite Articles ^WALS	Indefinite word same as 'one'
Inclusive/Exclusive Distinction in Independent Pronouns ^WALS	No inclusive/exclusive
Inclusive/Exclusive Distinction in Verbal Inflection ^WALS	No inclusive/exclusive
Distance Contrasts in Demonstratives ^WALS	Two-way contrast
Third Person Pronouns and Demonstratives ^WALS	Unrelated
Gender Distinctions in Independent Personal Pronouns ^WALS	No gender distinctions
Politeness Distinctions in Pronouns ^WALS	No politeness distinction
Indefinite Pronouns ^WALS	Interrogative-based
Person Marking on Adpositions ^WALS	Pronouns and nouns
Number of Cases ^WALS	No morphological case-marking
Asymmetrical Case-Marking ^WALS	No case-marking
Position of Case Affixes ^WALS	No case affixes or adpositional clitics
Comitatives and Instrumentals ^WALS	Differentiation
Ordinal Numerals ^WALS	First/one-th, two-th, three-th
Numeral Classifiers ^WALS	Obligatory
Position of Pronominal Possessive Affixes ^WALS	Possessive prefixes

Obligatory Possessive Inflection ^WALS	Absent
Possessive Classification ^WALS	No possessive classification
Noun Phrase Conjunction ^WALS	'And' identical to 'with'
Nominal and Verbal Conjunction ^WALS	Differentiation

Perfective/Imperfective Aspect ^WALS	Grammatical marking
The Past Tense ^WALS	No past tense
The Future Tense ^WALS	No inflectional future
The Perfect ^WALS	No perfect
Position of Tense-Aspect Affixes ^WALS	Mixed type
The Morphological Imperative ^WALS	Second singular and second plural
The Prohibitive ^WALS	Special imperative + normal negative
Imperative-Hortative Systems ^WALS	Maximal system
The Optative ^WALS	Inflectional optative absent
Situational Possibility ^WALS	Affixes on verbs
Epistemic Possibility ^WALS	Other
Overlap between Situational and Epistemic Modal Marking ^WALS	Overlap for either possibility or necessity
Semantic Distinctions of Evidentiality ^WALS	Indirect only
Coding of Evidentiality ^WALS	Separate particle
Suppletion According to Tense and Aspect ^WALS	None
Verbal Number and Suppletion ^WALS	None

Order of Subject, Object and Verb ^WALS	VSO
Order of Subject and Verb ^WALS	VS
Order of Object and Verb ^WALS	VO
Order of Adposition and Noun Phrase ^WALS	Prepositions
Order of Genitive and Noun ^WALS	Noun-Genitive
Order of Adjective and Noun ^WALS	Adjective-Noun
Order of Demonstrative and Noun ^WALS	Noun-Demonstrative
Order of Numeral and Noun ^WALS	Numeral-Noun
Order of Relative Clause and Noun ^WALS	Noun-Relative clause
Order of Degree Word and Adjective ^WALS	Degree word-Adjective
Position of Polar Question Particles ^WALS	No question particle
Position of Interrogative Phrases in Content Questions ^WALS	Initial interrogative phrase
Order of Adverbial Subordinator and Clause ^WALS	Initial subordinator word
Relationship between the Order of Object and Verb and the Order of Adposition and Noun Phrase ^WALS	VO and Prepositions
Relationship between the Order of Object and Verb and the Order of Relative Clause and Noun ^WALS	VO and NRel
Relationship between the Order of Object and Verb and the Order of Adjective and Noun ^WALS	VO and AdjN
Order of Negative Morpheme and Verb ^WALS	NegV
Position of Negative Morpheme With Respect to Subject, Object and Verb ^WALS	NegVSO

Alignment of Case Marking of Full Noun Phrases ^WALS	Neutral
Alignment of Case Marking of Pronouns ^WALS	Neutral
Alignment of Verbal Person Marking ^WALS	Ergative
Expression of Pronominal Subjects ^WALS	Mixed
Verbal Person Marking ^WALS	Both the A and P arguments
Third Person Zero of Verbal Person Marking ^WALS	Zero in all 3sg forms
Order of Person Markers on the Verb ^WALS	P precedes A
Ditransitive Constructions: The Verb 'Give' ^WALS	Indirect-object construction
Reciprocal Constructions ^WALS	Identical to reflexive
Passive Constructions ^WALS	Present
Antipassive Constructions ^WALS	Implicit patient
Applicative Constructions ^WALS	Non-benefactive object; only transitive
Periphrastic Causative Constructions ^WALS	Both
Nonperiphrastic Causative Constructions ^WALS	Morphological but no compound
Negative Morphemes ^WALS	Negative particle
Symmetric and Asymmetric Standard Negation ^WALS	Both
Subtypes of Asymmetric Standard Negation ^WALS	A/NonReal
Polar Questions ^WALS	Interrogative intonation only
Predicative Adjectives ^WALS	Verbal encoding
Nominal and Locational Predication ^WALS	Different
Zero Copula for Predicate Nominals ^WALS	Impossible
Comparative Constructions ^WALS	Locational

Relativization on Subjects ^WALS	Gap
Relativization on Obliques ^WALS	Gap
'Want' Complement Subjects ^WALS	Subject is expressed overtly
Utterance Complement Clauses ^WALS	Balanced

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