CALS: Language: Hunzib

Features for Hunzib

This language is cloned from WALS. If you need to cite or disagree with any data on this language, you will have to do so at WALS, not here.

Consonant Inventories ^WALS	Moderately large
Vowel Quality Inventories ^WALS	Large (7-14)
Consonant-Vowel Ratio ^WALS	Average
Voicing in Plosives and Fricatives ^WALS	In both plosives and fricatives
Voicing and Gaps in Plosive Systems ^WALS	None missing in /p t k b d g/
Uvular Consonants ^WALS	Uvular stops and continuants
Glottalized Consonants ^WALS	Ejectives only
Lateral Consonants ^WALS	/l/ and lateral obstruent
The Velar Nasal ^WALS	No velar nasal
Vowel Nasalization ^WALS	Contrast present
Front Rounded Vowels ^WALS	None
Syllable Structure ^WALS	Moderately complex
Tone ^WALS	No tones
Fixed Stress Locations ^WALS	No fixed stress
Weight-Sensitive Stress ^WALS	Right-edge: Ultimate or penultimate
Weight Factors in Weight-Sensitive Stress Systems ^WALS	Long vowel
Absence of Common Consonants ^WALS	All present
Presence of Uncommon Consonants ^WALS	Pharyngeals

Fusion of Selected Inflectional Formatives ^WALS	Exclusively concatenative
Exponence of Selected Inflectional Formatives ^WALS	Monoexponential case
Inflectional Synthesis of the Verb ^WALS	6-7 categories per word
Prefixing vs. Suffixing in Inflectional Morphology ^WALS	Strongly suffixing
Reduplication ^WALS	Productive full and partial reduplication
Case Syncretism ^WALS	No syncretism
Syncretism in Verbal Person/Number Marking ^WALS	Not syncretic

Number of Genders ^WALS	Five or more
Sex-based and Non-sex-based Gender Systems ^WALS	Sex-based
Systems of Gender Assignment ^WALS	Semantic
Coding of Nominal Plurality ^WALS	Plural suffix
Occurrence of Nominal Plurality ^WALS	All nouns, always obligatory
Plurality in Independent Personal Pronouns ^WALS	Person-number stem
Definite Articles ^WALS	No definite or indefinite article
Indefinite Articles ^WALS	No definite or indefinite article
Inclusive/Exclusive Distinction in Independent Pronouns ^WALS	No inclusive/exclusive
Inclusive/Exclusive Distinction in Verbal Inflection ^WALS	No person marking
Distance Contrasts in Demonstratives ^WALS	Three-way contrast
Pronominal and Adnominal Demonstratives ^WALS	Different inflection
Third Person Pronouns and Demonstratives ^WALS	Related for all demonstratives
Gender Distinctions in Independent Personal Pronouns ^WALS	No gender distinctions
Indefinite Pronouns ^WALS	Interrogative-based
Person Marking on Adpositions ^WALS	No person marking
Number of Cases ^WALS	10 or more cases
Asymmetrical Case-Marking ^WALS	Syncretism in relevant NP-types
Position of Case Affixes ^WALS	Case suffixes
Comitatives and Instrumentals ^WALS	Differentiation
Ordinal Numerals ^WALS	One-th, two-th, three-th
Distributive Numerals ^WALS	Marked by reduplication
Numeral Classifiers ^WALS	Absent
Conjunctions and Universal Quantifiers ^WALS	Formally different
Position of Pronominal Possessive Affixes ^WALS	No possessive affixes

Genitives, Adjectives and Relative Clauses ^WALS	Highly differentiated
Adjectives without Nouns ^WALS	Marked by suffix
Nominal and Verbal Conjunction ^WALS	Identity

Position of Tense-Aspect Affixes ^WALS	Tense-aspect suffixes
The Morphological Imperative ^WALS	Second person number-neutral
The Prohibitive ^WALS	Special imperative + special negative
Imperative-Hortative Systems ^WALS	Maximal system
The Optative ^WALS	Inflectional optative present
Situational Possibility ^WALS	Verbal constructions
Epistemic Possibility ^WALS	Other
Overlap between Situational and Epistemic Modal Marking ^WALS	No overlap
Semantic Distinctions of Evidentiality ^WALS	Indirect only
Coding of Evidentiality ^WALS	Part of the tense system
Suppletion According to Tense and Aspect ^WALS	Tense
Verbal Number and Suppletion ^WALS	None

Order of Subject, Object and Verb ^WALS	SOV
Order of Subject and Verb ^WALS	SV
Order of Object and Verb ^WALS	OV
Order of Adposition and Noun Phrase ^WALS	Postpositions
Order of Genitive and Noun ^WALS	Genitive-Noun
Order of Adjective and Noun ^WALS	Adjective-Noun
Order of Demonstrative and Noun ^WALS	Demonstrative-Noun
Order of Numeral and Noun ^WALS	Numeral-Noun
Order of Relative Clause and Noun ^WALS	Relative clause-Noun
Position of Polar Question Particles ^WALS	No question particle
Order of Adverbial Subordinator and Clause ^WALS	Subordinating suffix
Relationship between the Order of Object and Verb and the Order of Adposition and Noun Phrase ^WALS	OV and Postpositions
Relationship between the Order of Object and Verb and the Order of Relative Clause and Noun ^WALS	OV and RelN
Relationship between the Order of Object and Verb and the Order of Adjective and Noun ^WALS	OV and AdjN
Order of Negative Morpheme and Verb ^WALS	[V-Neg]
Position of Negative Morpheme With Respect to Subject, Object and Verb ^WALS	MorphNeg

Alignment of Case Marking of Full Noun Phrases ^WALS	Ergative - absolutive
Alignment of Case Marking of Pronouns ^WALS	Neutral
Alignment of Verbal Person Marking ^WALS	Accusative
Verbal Person Marking ^WALS	Only the A argument
Third Person Zero of Verbal Person Marking ^WALS	No person marking
Order of Person Markers on the Verb ^WALS	A and P do not or do not both occur on the verb
Ditransitive Constructions: The Verb 'Give' ^WALS	Indirect-object construction
Passive Constructions ^WALS	Absent
Antipassive Constructions ^WALS	Implicit patient
Applicative Constructions ^WALS	No applicative construction
Nonperiphrastic Causative Constructions ^WALS	Morphological but no compound
Negative Morphemes ^WALS	Negative affix
Symmetric and Asymmetric Standard Negation ^WALS	Both
Subtypes of Asymmetric Standard Negation ^WALS	A/Cat
Negative Indefinite Pronouns and Predicate Negation ^WALS	Predicate negation also present
Polar Questions ^WALS	Interrogative verb morphology
Predicative Adjectives ^WALS	Nonverbal encoding
Nominal and Locational Predication ^WALS	Identical
Zero Copula for Predicate Nominals ^WALS	Impossible
Comparative Constructions ^WALS	Locational

Relativization on Subjects ^WALS	Gap
Relativization on Obliques ^WALS	Gap
'Want' Complement Subjects ^WALS	Subject is left implicit
Purpose Clauses ^WALS	Deranked
Reason Clauses ^WALS	Deranked

Numeral Bases ^WALS	Decimal

Para-Linguistic Usages of Clicks ^WALS	Logical meanings

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