/p, f, β, t, θ, ð, k, x, ɰ, kʷ, xʷ, w, m, n, s, z, l, j, ɻ, ɕ, ʑ, tɕ, ʂ, ʐ/ transliterated as ⟨p, ph, v, t, th, d, k, kh, g, q, qh, w, m, n, s, z, l, y, r, sh/ch, zh/j, c, sr, zr⟩
/i, ʉ, e, o, æ, ɑ/ transliterated as ⟨i, u, e, o, a, ʌ⟩
Voiced plosives only occur as allophones.
⟨d⟩ usually realized as /ð/ The /θ/ realization of ⟨th⟩ developed independently from earlier /tʰ/
A maximally inflected verb marks for 1. person of the subject 2. person of the direct object 3. tense 4. mood 5. polarity
10 cases: Intransitive Ergative Accusative Genitive Dative Comitative Allative Ablative Adverbial Vocative
All genitive case nouns are grammatically adjectives and can be further inflected as such.
Both indicated with the comitative case
Nouns decline into the comitative case, grammatically treated as an adjective. Verbs have a special conjunctive form, grammatically treated as an adverb.
The active participle of verbs, used to form the antipassive voice, can also convey something like the imperfective aspect.
Past actions are conveyed by verbal constructions, by adverbs, or simply by context.
Contrasts with the nonfuture tense. The distinction is comparable to that of realis vs irrealis mood.
Intransitive verbs conjugate the same way as reflexive verbs.
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